Point of Care Ultrasounds in the Diagnosis of Pulled Elbows

MLP-research

Author: Dr Jin Gao
Type: MLP-research
Date: 16 December 2020
Abstract:
The pulled elbow(PE) is a common childhood injury. In most cases, the clinical management is straight forward, however, the diagnosis and management may be difficult if there is an unclear history, an unwitnessed injury or an atypical mechanism of injury. This medical literature project evaluates the effectiveness of point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of PEs.

Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP)

MLP-research

Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP)

Author: Dr Richard Chen

Abstract:

Aim: 

Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP) is a common presentation seen by a wide variety of medical professionals however the evidence around the safety and efficacy of drugs used to treat NVP is often not well understood. This review looks to explore current prescribing practices of drugs used to treat NVP and provide evidence-based recommendations. 

Method: 

The current New Zealand Guidelines for treatment of NVP was studied and an in-depth literature search into the safety and efficacy of drugs available was conducted.
In addition, a survey of current doctors working in the Urgent Care setting was conducted to determine current prescribing habits.

Results: 
Pyridoxine, Doxylamine and Metoclopramide are the medications with the most proven safety profile in pregnancy respectively. There have been significant studies into the Pyridoxine-Doxylamine combination as well as Metoclopramide to demonstrate effectiveness against placebo. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest any drug is the most effective drug available.
A large proportion of prescribing preferences of the doctors working in Urgent Care surveyed in the context of treating NVP were not supported by the available evidence.

Conclusion:  

Considering both safety and efficacy, Pyridoxine and Doxylamine are the recommended initial drugs of choice to manage NVP. This is closely followed by Metoclopramide. More doctors working in the acute medical setting should be aware of the potential teratogenicity of drugs used to treat NVP.    

CROUP

MLP-case study

Author: Dr Alexander Stapleton
Type: MLP-case study
Date: 2022
ABSTRACT

Background: This literature review was devised to clarify the rationale between the use of
Dexamethasone and Prednisolone for the treatment of paediatric Croup in the community setting.
Methods: A computerised literature search of local and international Guidelines, PubMed and CENTRAL
(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was carried out. Fifteen sources were included.
Indications and use of dexamethasone and prednisolone varied across the cited literature. An evidence
based practice viewpoint and appraisal of the literature was undertaken and the results collated.
Results: Analysis of the literature shows a clinical benefit of Dexamethasone in comparison to
Prednisolone when it comes to re-presentation, with a reduction in patient readmission and
re-presentation when using Dexamethasone compared to Prednisolone. Clinical benefit outside of this
parameter has not been proven. There was also a demonstrable effect on caregiver stress levels when
Dexamethasone was given compared to Prednisolone given ease of use. Some benefit with improved
tolerance with Dexamethasone compared to Prednisolone. There is also a potential cost benefit
involved in treating Croup with single dose Dexamethasone but this would need further exploration in
the New Zealand context.