We always look for the sail sign when reviewing radiographs of the elbow, but how often are they associated with occult fractures?
Check out the papers mentioned
Skaggs DL, Mirzayan R. The posterior fat pad sign in association with occult fracture of the elbow in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Oct;81(10):1429-33. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199910000-00007. PMID: 10535592.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10535592/
Al-Aubaidi Z, Torfing T. The role of fat pad sign in diagnosing occult elbow fractures in the pediatric patient: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2012 Nov;21(6):514-9. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e328355e5d8. PMID: 22735922.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22735922/
Kappelhof B, Roorda BL, Poppelaars MA, The B, Eygendaal D, Mulder PGH, van Bergen CJA. Occult Fractures in Children with a Radiographic Fat Pad Sign of the Elbow: A Meta-Analysis of 10 Published Studies. JBJS Rev. 2022 Oct 24;10(10). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.22.00114. PMID: 36326720.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36326720/
Scheier E, Fuchs L, Taragin BH, Balla U, Shavit I. Children With Elbow Injuries and Sonographic Elevated Posterior Fat Pad but No Identifiable Posterior Fat Pad on Lateral Radiographs: A Case Series. J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Jul;42(7):1617-1624. doi: 10.1002/jum.16173. Epub 2023 Jan 12. PMID: 36633969.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36633969/
Check out the Radiopaedia Article on the Sail Sign
Gaillard F, Feger J, Ismail M, et al. Sail sign (elbow). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 29 Aug 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-2014
Check out the original paper by Norell
NORELL HG. Roentgenologic visualization of the extracapsular fat; its importance in the diagnosis of traumatic injuries to the elbow. Acta radiol. 1954 Sep;42(3):205-10. doi: 10.3109/00016925409174478. PMID: 13206822.
https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc
Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com
Full Grip by Score Squad
This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals. Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times. For personal medical advice always consult your usual doctor